{ "title": "Israel’s journey", "language": "en", "url": "https://66bible.org/leitura/en/percurso-israel/", "description": "Bible study: Israel’s journey. From Egypt to Canaan. Step by step through Scripture.", "content": [ [ "From Egypt to Sinai", "Covenant and organization", "Refusal and wilderness", "Toward Moab", "A new generation", "Entry and settlement" ], [ { "title": "Departure after Passover", "place": "Rameses → Succoth", "summary": "Israel leaves after Passover, carrying dough that has not yet risen. A mixed multitude accompanies the people. Moses carries Joseph’s bones, fulfilling the oath made to their ancestors.", "references": [ "Êxodo 12:31-42", "Êxodo 13:19", "Números 33:3-5" ], "timing": "Day 15 of the first month" }, { "title": "Cloud and fire", "place": "Succoth → Etham", "summary": "God does not lead Israel through the land of the Philistines. He leads them through the wilderness toward the Red Sea, with a pillar of cloud by day and fire by night.", "references": [ "Êxodo 13:17-22" ] }, { "title": "Crossing the sea", "place": "Pi-hahiroth → sea → wilderness", "summary": "The people camp before Pi-hahiroth, between Migdol and the sea. Pharaoh pursues them. The LORD opens a dry passage, and the waters return over the Egyptian chariots and horsemen.", "references": [ "Êxodo 14:1-31", "Números 33:7-8" ], "note": "The exact crossing location is uncertain." }, { "title": "The song of deliverance", "place": "After the crossing", "summary": "Moses and Israel sing of the LORD’s victory. Miriam and the women respond with tambourines and dancing. The song recalls salvation and looks ahead to the dwelling God will prepare.", "references": [ "Êxodo 15:1-21" ] }, { "title": "Bitter water at Marah", "place": "Wilderness of Shur → Marah", "summary": "After three days without finding water, the people reach Marah. The water is bitter. Moses cries out and the LORD shows him a tree which makes the water sweet when thrown into it; there the people are tested.", "references": [ "Êxodo 15:22-26", "Números 33:8" ], "timing": "Three days in the wilderness after the sea", "note": "Exodus names Shur; Numbers 33:8 calls the wilderness of this march Etham. Each account’s wording is preserved." }, { "title": "Rest beside the waters", "place": "Elim", "summary": "Israel camps beside twelve springs and seventy palm trees. Numbers then records another camp by the Red Sea before the wilderness of Sin.", "references": [ "Êxodo 15:27", "Números 33:9-11" ] }, { "title": "Manna, quail and Sabbath", "place": "Wilderness of Sin", "summary": "When the people complain about food, the LORD gives quail and manna. Daily gathering, a double portion on the sixth day and rest on the seventh teach them to follow his instructions.", "references": [ "Êxodo 16:1-36" ], "timing": "Day 15 of the second month after departure" }, { "title": "Water from the rock and war with Amalek", "place": "Rephidim", "summary": "Lack of water causes strife; Moses strikes the rock at Horeb and water flows. The place is called Massah and Meribah. Joshua fights Amalek while Aaron and Hur support Moses’ hands.", "references": [ "Êxodo 17:1-16", "Números 33:14" ] }, { "title": "Jethro’s counsel", "place": "Camp by the mountain of God", "summary": "Jethro meets Moses and acknowledges the LORD’s greatness. He advises choosing capable men to judge smaller matters, leaving difficult cases to Moses.", "references": [ "Êxodo 18:1-27" ], "note": "Presented in the narrative position of Exodus 18; the chapter gives no exact date for this visit." }, { "title": "Arrival at Sinai", "place": "Wilderness of Sinai", "summary": "Israel camps before the mountain. God calls the people to keep his covenant and be a kingdom of priests and a holy nation. They prepare for the LORD’s appearance.", "references": [ "Êxodo 19:1-25" ], "timing": "Third month after departure" }, { "title": "Commandments and covenant", "place": "Sinai", "summary": "The LORD proclaims the Ten Commandments and gives laws for the people’s life. The covenant is ratified with blood; Moses ascends the mountain and remains forty days and forty nights.", "references": [ "Êxodo 20:1-26", "Êxodo 21:1-36", "Êxodo 22:1-31", "Êxodo 23:1-33", "Êxodo 24:1-18" ] }, { "title": "Golden calf and intercession", "place": "Sinai", "summary": "While Moses is on the mountain, the people make a golden calf. Moses intercedes, breaks the tablets and confronts the sin. Judgment follows; Moses again asks forgiveness for the people.", "references": [ "Êxodo 32:1-35" ] }, { "title": "Presence and covenant renewal", "place": "Sinai", "summary": "Moses asks for God’s presence to accompany Israel. The LORD proclaims his name and character; new tablets are prepared and the covenant is renewed.", "references": [ "Êxodo 33:1-23", "Êxodo 34:1-35" ] }, { "title": "The tabernacle is erected", "place": "Sinai", "summary": "The people offer materials and the craftsmen work according to the instructions received. When the tabernacle is erected, the cloud covers it and the LORD’s glory fills it; the cloud directs their departures.", "references": [ "Êxodo 35:1-35", "Êxodo 36:1-38", "Êxodo 39:32-43", "Êxodo 40:1-38" ], "timing": "Day 1 of the first month of year 2" }, { "title": "Priesthood and holiness", "place": "Sinai / tent of meeting", "summary": "Aaron and his sons are consecrated. Worship is inaugurated; Nadab and Abihu die after offering unauthorized fire. Leviticus develops instructions on sacrifices, purity, atonement and holy living.", "references": [ "Levítico 8:1-36", "Levítico 9:1-24", "Levítico 10:1-20", "Levítico 16:1-34", "Levítico 19:1-37" ] }, { "title": "Passover in the wilderness", "place": "Sinai", "summary": "Israel celebrates Passover. A question from men prevented by uncleanness leads to instructions for observance in the second month by those unable to keep the usual date.", "references": [ "Números 9:1-14" ], "timing": "Day 14 of the first month of year 2", "note": "Numbers 9:1 records a date earlier than the census in Numbers 1:1." }, { "title": "Census and marching order", "place": "Sinai", "summary": "The tribes are counted and arranged around the tabernacle. Levites receive transport and service duties; the cloud and trumpets govern the march.", "references": [ "Números 1:1-54", "Números 2:1-34", "Números 4:1-49", "Números 9:15-23", "Números 10:1-10" ], "timing": "Census: day 1 of the second month of year 2" }, { "title": "Departure from Sinai", "place": "Sinai → wilderness of Paran", "summary": "The cloud rises and Israel leaves at the LORD’s command. The ark goes ahead during the three-day journey, seeking a resting place.", "references": [ "Números 10:11-36" ], "timing": "Day 20 of the second month of year 2" }, { "title": "Complaint and fire at Taberah", "place": "Taberah", "summary": "The people complain and the LORD’s fire consumes the outskirts of the camp. Moses prays and the fire stops.", "references": [ "Números 11:1-3" ], "note": "Taberah is not a separate entry in Numbers 33; no identification with another camp is imposed." }, { "title": "Seventy elders and craving", "place": "Kibroth-hattaavah", "summary": "God gives seventy elders of the Spirit resting on Moses; Eldad and Medad also prophesy. Quail arrive, but the people’s craving is followed by a plague and burials.", "references": [ "Números 11:4-35" ] }, { "title": "Miriam and Aaron challenge Moses", "place": "Hazeroth", "summary": "Miriam and Aaron speak against Moses. The LORD defends his servant; Miriam is struck with leprosy. Moses intercedes and the people wait seven days before leaving.", "references": [ "Números 12:1-16" ] }, { "title": "The twelve spies", "place": "Paran / Kadesh → Canaan → Kadesh", "summary": "Twelve men explore the land for forty days and bring back fruit. Caleb encourages entry, but the other men, except Joshua, spread a report that frightens the people.", "references": [ "Números 13:1-33", "Números 14:6-9" ], "timing": "Forty days of exploration", "note": "This is the spies’ journey, not the whole congregation’s. Numbers 33 does not explicitly identify Rithmah with Kadesh." }, { "title": "Refusal, sentence and defeat", "place": "Kadesh / hill country", "summary": "The people want to return to Egypt. After Moses intercedes, the LORD announces that the counted generation aged twenty and older, except Joshua and Caleb, will not enter. An attempt to go up without his presence ends in defeat.", "references": [ "Números 14:1-45" ], "timing": "Forty years in the wilderness announced" }, { "title": "Korah and Aaron’s confirmation", "place": "Wilderness; camp not identified", "summary": "Korah, Dathan and Abiram challenge the leadership. The account describes judgment through the earth, fire and a plague; Aaron intercedes with incense. Aaron’s staff blossoms as a sign of divine choice.", "references": [ "Números 16:1-50", "Números 17:1-13" ], "note": "The narrative gives neither a date nor a specific camp for these episodes." }, { "title": "The years of wandering", "place": "Wilderness / region of Seir", "summary": "Deuteronomy recalls the long wandering and God’s care. Thirty-eight years pass from leaving Kadesh-barnea to crossing the Zered brook, until the generation of fighting men has passed away.", "references": [ "Deuteronómio 2:1-15", "Deuteronómio 8:2-4" ], "timing": "38 years: Kadesh-barnea → Zered", "note": "This overview spans an interval extending into the following march. There are no dated accounts for every year or camp." }, { "title": "Miriam’s death and waters of Meribah", "place": "Wilderness of Zin / Kadesh", "summary": "Miriam dies at Kadesh. With no water, Moses strikes the rock twice instead of speaking to it as commanded. God announces that Moses and Aaron will not bring the congregation into the land.", "references": [ "Números 20:1-13" ], "timing": "First month; the verse does not state the year", "note": "Do not confuse this with water from the rock at Rephidim in Exodus 17." }, { "title": "Edom refuses passage", "place": "Kadesh → detour around Edom", "summary": "Moses requests passage along the king’s highway and offers to pay for water used. Edom refuses and comes out with military force; Israel turns away.", "references": [ "Números 20:14-21" ] }, { "title": "Aaron’s death", "place": "Mount Hor", "summary": "Moses removes Aaron’s priestly garments and clothes Eleazar. Aaron dies on the mountain at Edom’s border; Israel mourns him for thirty days.", "references": [ "Números 20:22-29", "Números 33:37-39" ], "timing": "Day 1 of the fifth month of year 40" }, { "title": "Conflict with the king of Arad", "place": "Negev / Hormah", "summary": "The Canaanite king of Arad attacks Israel and takes captives. Israel makes a vow; the LORD hears and delivers the Canaanites. The place is named Hormah.", "references": [ "Números 21:1-3" ] }, { "title": "The bronze serpent", "place": "Road toward the Red Sea, around Edom", "summary": "The people grow impatient and speak against God and Moses. Venomous serpents cause deaths. After Moses intercedes, the LORD commands a bronze serpent to be raised; those bitten who look at it live.", "references": [ "Números 21:4-9" ], "note": "The text does not locate this episode at a camp called Punon." }, { "title": "Zered, Arnon and the song of the well", "place": "Oboth → Iye-abarim → Zered → Arnon → Beer", "summary": "Israel travels east of Moab, crosses Zered and camps beyond Arnon. At Beer, the LORD calls the people together to give them water, and Israel sings. Mattanah, Nahaliel, Bamoth and the valley by Pisgah follow.", "references": [ "Números 21:10-20", "Deuteronómio 2:8-24" ], "note": "Numbers 21 and 33 give different lists of journey points. The correspondence between some of these places is uncertain." }, { "title": "Victories over Sihon and Og", "place": "Jahaz / Heshbon → Bashan / Edrei", "summary": "Sihon refuses passage and fights Israel; he is defeated and Israel occupies his cities. Og, king of Bashan, also comes out to battle and is defeated. This advance takes place east of the Jordan.", "references": [ "Números 21:21-35", "Deuteronómio 3:1-11" ] }, { "title": "Balak and Balaam", "place": "Plains of Moab; surrounding heights", "summary": "Balak hires Balaam to curse Israel. The donkey and angel episode precedes the oracles: God puts blessings in Balaam’s mouth, contrary to Balak’s wishes.", "references": [ "Números 22:1-41", "Números 23:1-30", "Números 24:1-25" ], "note": "Balaam’s movements between the heights are not movements of Israel’s camp." }, { "title": "Baal-peor and Phinehas", "place": "Shittim", "summary": "Israel becomes involved with Moabite women and the worship of Baal-peor. Judgment includes a plague. Phinehas intervenes and the plague stops; the LORD announces a covenant of peace with him.", "references": [ "Números 25:1-18" ] }, { "title": "New generation and inheritance rights", "place": "Plains of Moab", "summary": "A new census prepares for the land’s distribution. Zelophehad’s daughters present their case, and God recognizes their inheritance right when there are no sons; tribal rules are later clarified.", "references": [ "Números 26:1-65", "Números 27:1-11", "Números 36:1-13" ] }, { "title": "Joshua is appointed successor", "place": "Plains of Moab", "summary": "Moses asks for a leader for the congregation. At the LORD’s command, he presents Joshua before Eleazar and the people and lays his hands on him.", "references": [ "Números 27:12-23" ] }, { "title": "The war against Midian", "place": "Expedition from the Moab camp", "summary": "At the LORD’s command, twelve thousand men set out against Midian, accompanied by Phinehas. The chapter recounts deaths, captives, Moses’ rebuke and the division of spoils. This is a military expedition, not a new stage for the whole congregation.", "references": [ "Números 31:1-54" ] }, { "title": "Inheritance east of the Jordan", "place": "Gilead and Bashan", "summary": "Reuben and Gad request land for their flocks. They commit to crossing armed to help the other tribes. They and the half-tribe of Manasseh receive territories east of the Jordan.", "references": [ "Números 32:1-42" ] }, { "title": "Moses recalls and teaches", "place": "Moab, beyond the Jordan", "summary": "Moses reviews the journey and law, calls Israel to love the LORD, sets out blessings and curses and renews the covenant. The law is entrusted for public reading; Joshua is encouraged, and Moses teaches his song and blesses the tribes.", "references": [ "Deuteronómio 1:1-5", "Deuteronómio 6:1-25", "Deuteronómio 28:1-68", "Deuteronómio 29:1-29", "Deuteronómio 30:1-20", "Deuteronómio 31:1-30", "Deuteronómio 32:1-52", "Deuteronómio 33:1-29" ], "timing": "Day 1 of the eleventh month of year 40" }, { "title": "Moses sees the land and dies", "place": "Mount Nebo / summit of Pisgah", "summary": "The LORD shows Moses the land, but he does not cross into it. Moses dies in Moab at one hundred and twenty; his burial place remains unknown. Israel mourns him thirty days and Joshua takes leadership.", "references": [ "Deuteronómio 34:1-12" ] }, { "title": "Joshua and the spies in Jericho", "place": "Shittim → Jericho → Shittim", "summary": "God encourages Joshua to obey the law. Two spies sent from Shittim are sheltered by Rahab in Jericho; she confesses the LORD’s dominion and obtains a promise of protection for her household.", "references": [ "Josué 1:1-18", "Josué 2:1-24" ] }, { "title": "Crossing the Jordan", "place": "Shittim → Jordan → Gilgal", "summary": "The priests carrying the ark enter the Jordan and its waters stop. The people cross on dry ground. Twelve stones taken from the river become a memorial at Gilgal so children may ask and learn what God has done.", "references": [ "Josué 3:1-17", "Josué 4:1-24" ], "timing": "Day 10 of the first month" }, { "title": "Circumcision, Passover and the end of manna", "place": "Gilgal", "summary": "The generation born in the wilderness is circumcised. Israel celebrates Passover and eats the land’s produce; manna ceases. Near Jericho, Joshua meets the commander of the LORD’s army.", "references": [ "Josué 5:1-15" ], "timing": "Passover: day 14 of the first month" }, { "title": "Fall of Jericho", "place": "Jericho", "summary": "Israel circles the city for seven days according to the command received. The walls fall and the city is destroyed. Rahab and her family are spared according to the spies’ oath.", "references": [ "Josué 6:1-27" ] }, { "title": "Achan, defeat and the capture of Ai", "place": "Ai / Valley of Achor", "summary": "Achan’s transgression precedes defeat at Ai. After the sin is identified and judged, the LORD commands Joshua to advance; Israel takes the city through an ambush.", "references": [ "Josué 7:1-26", "Josué 8:1-29" ] }, { "title": "The law before the assembly", "place": "Mount Ebal / Mount Gerizim", "summary": "Joshua builds an altar, writes a copy of the law and reads the blessings and curses before the entire assembly, including women, children and foreigners.", "references": [ "Josué 8:30-35" ] }, { "title": "Treaty with the Gibeonites", "place": "Gilgal / Gibeon", "summary": "The Gibeonites pretend to come from a distant land. The leaders do not consult the LORD and make a treaty. When the deception is discovered, they spare the Gibeonites because of the oath.", "references": [ "Josué 9:1-27" ] }, { "title": "Relief of Gibeon and the southern campaign", "place": "Gibeon → Beth-horon → southern cities", "summary": "Joshua relieves Gibeon against five kings. The account credits the LORD with victory, mentions large hailstones and the sun and moon standing still. Battles follow at Makkedah, Libnah, Lachish, Eglon, Hebron and Debir, with a return to the camp at Gilgal.", "references": [ "Josué 10:1-43" ], "note": "This is the course of Joshua’s military campaigns, not a list of new camps for all the people." }, { "title": "Northern campaign and overview", "place": "Waters of Merom / Hazor", "summary": "A coalition gathers under Jabin, king of Hazor. Israel wins by the waters of Merom and Hazor is burned. Joshua wages war for a long time; the account summarizes the victories and rest from war.", "references": [ "Josué 11:1-23", "Josué 12:1-24" ] }, { "title": "Land distribution and Shiloh", "place": "Canaan / Gilgal / Shiloh", "summary": "The inheritance is distributed among the tribes; Caleb receives Hebron. The tent of meeting is set up at Shiloh. Cities of refuge and Levitical cities are appointed. The text also lists land still to be possessed.", "references": [ "Josué 13:1-7", "Josué 14:1-15", "Josué 18:1-10", "Josué 19:49-51", "Josué 20:1-9", "Josué 21:1-45" ], "note": "Settlement does not mean complete and final occupation of every territory; the book itself records remaining lands and populations." }, { "title": "Return of the eastern tribes", "place": "Shiloh → Jordan region → eastern inheritance", "summary": "Reuben, Gad and the half-tribe of Manasseh return. An altar by the Jordan raises fears of unfaithfulness and a threat of war. Dialogue establishes that it is a witness of belonging to the LORD, not a rival sacrificial altar.", "references": [ "Josué 22:1-34" ] }, { "title": "Covenant at Shechem and the end of a generation", "place": "Shechem; burials in Ephraim", "summary": "Joshua urges Israel to remain faithful and gathers the people at Shechem to renew the covenant. The book ends with Joshua’s death and burial, the burial of Joseph’s bones at Shechem and Eleazar’s death.", "references": [ "Josué 23:1-16", "Josué 24:1-33" ], "note": "This is the endpoint of this study. The period of the judges is a later stage in Israel’s history." } ], [ { "name": "Rameses", "verse": "Números 33:3-5" }, { "name": "Succoth", "verse": "Números 33:5" }, { "name": "Etham", "verse": "Números 33:6" }, { "name": "Pi-hahiroth", "verse": "Números 33:7-8", "note": "They camp before Migdol; the sea crossing takes place between this stage and Marah." }, { "name": "Marah", "verse": "Números 33:8" }, { "name": "Elim", "verse": "Números 33:9" }, { "name": "By the Red Sea", "verse": "Números 33:10", "note": "This camp follows Elim; it is not the site of the earlier crossing." }, { "name": "Wilderness of Sin", "verse": "Números 33:11" }, { "name": "Dophkah", "verse": "Números 33:12" }, { "name": "Alush", "verse": "Números 33:13" }, { "name": "Rephidim", "verse": "Números 33:14" }, { "name": "Wilderness of Sinai", "verse": "Números 33:15" }, { "name": "Kibroth-hattaavah", "verse": "Números 33:16" }, { "name": "Hazeroth", "verse": "Números 33:17" }, { "name": "Rithmah", "verse": "Números 33:18", "note": "The identification of Rithmah with Kadesh is uncertain." }, { "name": "Rimmon-perez", "verse": "Números 33:19" }, { "name": "Libnah", "verse": "Números 33:20" }, { "name": "Rissah", "verse": "Números 33:21" }, { "name": "Kehelathah", "verse": "Números 33:22" }, { "name": "Mount Shapher", "verse": "Números 33:23" }, { "name": "Haradah", "verse": "Números 33:24" }, { "name": "Makheloth", "verse": "Números 33:25" }, { "name": "Tahath", "verse": "Números 33:26" }, { "name": "Terah", "verse": "Números 33:27" }, { "name": "Mithcah", "verse": "Números 33:28" }, { "name": "Hashmonah", "verse": "Números 33:29" }, { "name": "Moseroth", "verse": "Números 33:30" }, { "name": "Bene-jaakan", "verse": "Números 33:31" }, { "name": "Hor-hagidgad", "verse": "Números 33:32" }, { "name": "Jotbathah", "verse": "Números 33:33" }, { "name": "Ebronah", "verse": "Números 33:34" }, { "name": "Ezion-geber", "verse": "Números 33:35" }, { "name": "Wilderness of Zin (Kadesh)", "verse": "Números 33:36" }, { "name": "Mount Hor", "verse": "Números 33:37-39", "note": "Aaron dies here on day 1 of the fifth month of year 40." }, { "name": "Zalmonah", "verse": "Números 33:41" }, { "name": "Punon", "verse": "Números 33:42" }, { "name": "Oboth", "verse": "Números 33:43" }, { "name": "Iye-abarim (Iim)", "verse": "Números 33:44-45", "note": "Iim is the form used for departure in verse 45; it is not counted as another camp." }, { "name": "Dibon-gad", "verse": "Números 33:45" }, { "name": "Almon-diblathaim", "verse": "Números 33:46" }, { "name": "Mountains of Abarim", "verse": "Números 33:47" }, { "name": "Plains of Moab", "verse": "Números 33:48-49", "note": "By the Jordan, opposite Jericho; the camp extends from Beth-jeshimoth to Abel-shittim." } ], { "rameses": [ "departure" ], "succoth": "cloud", "etham": [ "cloud" ], "pihahiroth": [ "sea" ], "marah": [ "marah" ], "elim": [ "elim" ], "sin": [ "manna" ], "rephidim": [ "rephidim" ], "sinai": [ "sinai", "covenant", "calf", "renewal", "tabernacle", "priesthood", "second-passover", "census", "leave-sinai" ], "kibroth": [ "quail" ], "hazeroth": [ "miriam" ], "kadesh": "edom", "hor": [ "aaron" ], "oboth": [ "arnon" ], "iye-abarim": [ "arnon" ], "moab": [ "balaam", "peor", "new-census", "commission", "midian", "east-inheritance", "deuteronomy", "rahab" ] } ] }